Finalise mvoe to Ring 3, add separate kernel stacks for each process, correctly switch between those kernel stacks within context_switch, etc

src/kernel/gdt.cpp

@@ -102,4 +102,5 @@ void init_gdt() {
                "mov %%eax, %%ds;"
                "mov $0x28, %%ax;"
                "ltr %%ax" : : "m" (descr));
+  Global::tss = &tss;
 }

src/kernel/gdt.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define GDT_H
 
 #include "types.h"
+#include "global.h"
 
 struct __attribute__((packed)) tss_struct {
   uint16_t link;

src/kernel/global.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace Global {
   Allocator* allocator = 0;
   Kernel* kernel = 0;
   Process* currentProc = 0;
+  tss_struct* tss = 0;
 }
 
 void* operator new (uint32_t size) {

src/kernel/global.h

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@
 class Kernel;
 class Allocator;
 class Process;
+struct tss_struct;
 
 namespace Global {
   extern Allocator* allocator;
   extern Kernel* kernel;
   extern Process* currentProc;
+  extern tss_struct* tss;
 }
 
 void* operator new (uint32_t size);

src/kernel/idt.cpp

@@ -39,12 +39,29 @@ __attribute__((interrupt)) void gpf(interrupt_frame* frame, uint32_t err_code) {
 }
 
 __attribute__((interrupt)) void context_switch(interrupt_frame* frame) {
+  // When any interrupt occurs (including context_switch), SS:ESP is set to
+  // the values of SS0:ESP0 in Global::tss
+  //
+  // This means that processes need to track a kernel stack pointer
+  // Which is the location of their indivudual kernel stacks.
+  //
+  // Context switch needs to do two things.
+  // #1 update currentProc's kernel stack pointer to be the correct value after
+  // data has been pushed on to the stack
+  // 
+  // #2 load the kernelStackPtr in to esp before popping data and falling through 
+  // to iret
+
   asm ("cli"); // Disable interrupts whilst handling the context switch.
   asm ("pusha"); // Push registers to the stack
   //asm ("pushf"); // Push flags to the stack
 
   Process* currentProc = Global::currentProc;
   Process* nextProc = 0;
+
+  // Write current esp to currentProc->kernelStackPtr
+  asm ("mov %%esp, %0" : "=a" (currentProc->kernelStackPtr):);
+
   if (currentProc) {
     xnoe::linkedlist<Process*>* processes = &Global::kernel->processes;
     
@@ -84,16 +101,22 @@ __attribute__((interrupt)) void context_switch(interrupt_frame* frame) {
 
     Global::currentProc = nextProc;
 
-    uint32_t cESP;
-    asm volatile ("mov %%esp, %0" : "=a" (cESP) :);
-    currentProc->esp = cESP; // Store the current ESP of the current process process.
+    //uint32_t cESP;
+    //asm volatile ("mov %%esp, %0" : "=a" (cESP) :);
+    //currentProc->esp = cESP; // Store the current ESP of the current process process.
 
     outb(0x20, 0x20);
 
     // Select the next processes page directory
     asm volatile ("mov %0, %%cr3" : : "r" (nextProc->PD->phys_addr)); 
-    // Restore ESP of the new process.
-    asm volatile ("mov %0, %%esp" : : "m" (Global::kernel->processes.start->elem->esp));
+    // Restore kernelStackPtr of the new process.
+    asm volatile ("mov %0, %%esp" : : "m" (Global::kernel->processes.start->elem->kernelStackPtr));
+
+    // At this point interrupts are disabled till iret so we can safely set
+    // Global::tss->esp0
+    // to the new Process's kernelStackPtrDefault
+
+    Global::tss->esp0 = Global::kernel->processes.start->elem->kernelStackPtrDefault;
 
     //asm ("popf"); // Pop flags
     asm ("popa"); // Restore registers
@@ -101,6 +124,7 @@ __attribute__((interrupt)) void context_switch(interrupt_frame* frame) {
     // Clear the garbage that was on the stack from previous switch_context call.
     asm ("mov %ebp, %esp");
     asm ("pop %ebp"); // Pop EBP
+
     asm ("iret"); // Manually perform iret.
   }
 }

src/kernel/idt.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "screenstuff.h"
 #include "global.h"
 #include "kernel.h"
+#include "gdt.h"
 
 struct interrupt_frame {
     uint32_t eip;

src/kernel/kmain.cpp

@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ int main() {
   Global::currentProc = &kernel;
 
   Process* p1 = kernel.createProcess("WORLD   BIN");
+  Process* p2 = kernel.createProcess("HELLO   BIN");
+  Process* p3 = kernel.createProcess("HELLO   BIN");
+
 
   init_keyboard();
   

src/kernel/process.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ Process::Process(uint32_t PID)
   this->page_remaining = 0;
   this->last_page_pointer = 0;
   this->stack = this->allocate(0x8000);
+  this->kernelStackPtr = (new uint8_t[0x1000]) + 0x1000;
 }
 
 Process::Process(uint32_t PID, PageDirectory* inherit, uint32_t inheritBase, char* filename)
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@ Process::Process(uint32_t PID, PageDirectory* inherit, uint32_t inheritBase, cha
     this->PD->page_directory[index] = inherit->page_directory[index];
 
   this->stack = this->allocate(0x8000);
+  this->kernelStackPtr = (new uint8_t[0x1000]) + 0xffc;
+  this->kernelStackPtrDefault = this->kernelStackPtr;
 
   uint32_t pCR3;
   asm ("mov %%cr3, %0" : "=a" (pCR3) :);
@@ -48,17 +51,17 @@ Process::Process(uint32_t PID, PageDirectory* inherit, uint32_t inheritBase, cha
   uint8_t* program_data = this->allocate(file_size(filename) + 12) + 12;
 
   // We also need to initialise ESP and the stack
-  uint32_t* stack32 = ((uint32_t)this->stack + 0x8000);
+  uint32_t* stack32 = ((uint32_t)this->kernelStackPtr);
   stack32--;
-  *stack32 = 0x23;
+  *stack32 = 0x23; // SS
   stack32--;
-  *stack32 = ((uint32_t)this->stack + 0x8000);
+  *stack32 = ((uint32_t)this->stack + 0x8000); // ESP
   stack32--;
   *stack32 = 0x200; // EFLAGS
   stack32--;
   *stack32 = 27; // CS 0x08
   stack32--;
-  *stack32 = (uint32_t)program_data;
+  *stack32 = (uint32_t)program_data; // EIP
 
   stack32--;
   *stack32 = ((uint32_t)this->stack + 0x8000); // EBP
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ Process::Process(uint32_t PID, PageDirectory* inherit, uint32_t inheritBase, cha
   stack32--;
   *stack32 = 0; // EDI
 
-  this->esp = stack32;
+  this->kernelStackPtr = stack32;
 
   load_file(filename, program_data);
 
@@ -102,6 +105,7 @@ Process::~Process() {
     this->deallocate(active->elem.page_base+1);
   }
   this->deallocate(stack);
+  delete kernelStackPtr;
 }
 
 void* Process::allocate(uint32_t size) {

src/kernel/process.h

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ public:
   uint32_t PID;
   uint32_t esp;
 
+  void* kernelStackPtr;
+  void* kernelStackPtrDefault;
+
   Process(uint32_t PID, void* stack, PageDirectory* page_directory, PageMap* phys, PageMap* virt, uint32_t virt_alloc_base);
   Process(uint32_t PID);
   Process(uint32_t PID, PageDirectory* inherit, uint32_t inheritBase, char* filename);

src/program/hello.c

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 
 int main() {
   while (1) {
-    print("Hello");
+    // print("Hello");
   }
 }